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Question
1-When we are on vacation, is it permissible for us to shorten the prayer even though we have sufficient time and the mosque is near the house where we live? When is shortening and combining permitted? I hope you can support the answer with evidence from the Book and the authentic Sunnah?
Answer
All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, and upon his family and companions. To proceed:
Shortening the four-rak'ah prayer, and combining the two prayers that share a time (Dhuhr with Asr, and Maghrib with Isha), is permitted for every traveler on a permissible journey whose distance exceeds 83 kilometres. Accordingly, if a person travels during his vacation or at other times, and arrives at a town that is not his homeland, where he has no wife with whom he has consummated the marriage, and he does not intend to stay four days or more, then he remains under the ruling of a traveler: he shortens the four-rak'ah prayer and combines the two shared prayers, even if the mosque is near him. The exception is if shortening his prayer would result in his praying alone while a congregation is present; in that case he prays with the congregation and forgoes shortening, because performing the prayer in congregation is obligatory according to the more preponderant opinion of the scholars, while shortening is only a sunnah or recommended, and the obligatory takes precedence over the recommended. The evidence for the permissibility of combining for the traveler is what is in Sahih Muslim from the hadith of Mu'adh, who said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the expedition of Tabuk, and he would pray Dhuhr and Asr together, and Maghrib and Isha together. And Allah knows best.
الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله، وعلى آله وصحبه، أما بعد:
فإن قصر الصلاة الرباعية، والجمع بين مشتركتي الوقت -الظهر مع العصر، والمغرب مع العشاء-يجوز لكل مسافر سفراً مباحاً تتجاوز مسافته 83 كيلومتراً، وعليه، فإذا سافر الشخص في زمن إجازته، أو في غيرها، وحط ببلد لم يكن وطنه، ولم تكن له به زوجة مدخول بها، ولم ينو إقامة أربعة أيام فأكثر، فإنه يظل في حكم المسافر، يقصر الصلاة الرباعية، ويجمع بين المشتركتين، ولو كان المسجد قريباً منه، اللهم إلا إذا كان قصره للصلاة سيترتب عليه أن يؤديها مفرداً مع وجود جماعة فإنه حينئذ يصلي مع الجماعة، ويترك القصر، لأن أداء الصلاة مع الجماعة واجب في أرجح أقوال العلماء، والقصر إنما هو سنة أو مستحب، والواجب مقدم على المستحب. ودليل جواز الجمع للمسافر هو ما في صحيح مسلم من حديث معاذ قال: خرجنا مع رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- في غزوة تبوك، فكان يصلي الظهر والعصر جميعاً، والمغرب والعشاء جميعاً. والله تعالى أعلم.
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